Global Defence Technology Insight Report

Introduction:

The Defence periscope market is a specialized segment of the broader military optics and vision systems industry, playing a critical role in both surface and underwater combat platforms. Periscopes, traditionally used for visual observation from concealed or protected positions, have evolved into technologically advanced systems integrated with sensors, cameras, and electronic displays. These innovations are particularly vital in platforms such as submarines, armored fighting vehicles (AFVs), and main battle tanks (MBTs), where situational awareness and stealth are crucial.

Modern Defense Periscopes: Electro-Optical Advancements and Enhanced Awareness

One of the key technologies shaping the modern defence periscope market is electro-optical (EO) integration. Unlike traditional optical-only periscopes, EO periscopes combine high-resolution cameras with thermal imaging and low-light sensors. This enables operators to detect and track targets in all weather conditions and across the entire spectrum of lighting from complete darkness to high-glare daylight. Advanced EO periscopes are often linked to video processing units that enhance image clarity, zoom capability, and target recognition through onboard AI and software algorithms.

In submarine applications, the shift from traditional optical periscopes to non-hull-penetrating optronic masts represents a major technological leap. These masts are equipped with high-definition cameras, infrared sensors, laser rangefinders, and GPS modules. They allow submarines to observe above the waterline without exposing vulnerable parts of the hull. This not only enhances survivability but also reduces the submarine’s radar and visual signature. Leading systems such as the SERO series from Hensoldt and the AN/BVS-1 Photonics Mast System for U.S. submarines exemplify this transition.

In the land domain, armored vehicle periscopes have similarly advanced. Modern periscopes used in MBTs and infantry fighting vehicles are being integrated with multi-channel sensor arrays including thermal, day/night, and laser warning receivers. These systems provide the crew with 360-degree situational awareness without exposing themselves to enemy fire. Some designs also support panoramic sighting, allowing commanders to monitor the battlefield while simultaneously controlling turret systems. Additionally, digital feeds from periscopes can now be shared across internal displays, contributing to a more networked and coordinated combat system.

The Smart Edge: AR, AI, and the Future of Defense Periscopes

Another emerging trend in defence periscope technology is augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) integration. AR overlays allow operators to see tactical data like range to target, identification markers, or threat alerts superimposed on the live video feed from periscopes. AI, on the other hand, supports automatic target recognition and threat prioritization. These technologies drastically reduce the cognitive load on operators and enable faster, more informed decision-making in dynamic combat scenarios.

Materials science has also contributed to advancements in periscope design. The use of lightweight, ballistic-resistant composites allows periscopes to offer protection while minimizing the weight burden on vehicles or vessels. Additionally, coatings that reduce glare and detectability, such as anti-reflective and radar-absorbing materials, have become standard.

Moreover, periscope systems are increasingly being designed to be modular and upgradable. This modularity allows defence forces to adapt periscope configurations based on mission needs or technological upgrades without requiring complete system overhauls.

Conclusion:

In summary, the defence periscope market is being reshaped by technological convergence bringing together optics, sensors, AI, and AR into compact, rugged, and intelligent systems. Whether on land or undersea, modern periscopes are not just vision tools but mission-critical enablers of lethality, survivability, and situational dominance in complex operational environments.