Global Defence Technology Insight Report

Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies have become transformative tools in Defence applications, fundamentally reshaping training, mission planning, and operational effectiveness. One of the primary uses of AR is in soldier situational awareness systems, where real-time data overlays onto the physical environment provide troops with critical information such as enemy positions, navigation waypoints, and threat alerts directly within their field of view. These heads-up displays, integrated into helmets or visors, enhance decision-making speed and accuracy while allowing soldiers to keep their focus on their surroundings.

Virtual Reality has revolutionized military training by creating immersive, realistic environments where personnel can practice complex scenarios without the risks or costs of live exercises. VR simulators replicate battlefields, vehicle operations, or equipment handling, enabling repetitive, scalable, and customizable training. This reduces wear on actual hardware and allows troops to experience a wide range of conditions, from urban combat to chemical exposure, in a safe yet effective manner. The incorporation of AI-driven virtual adversaries and dynamic scenarios increases the realism and adaptability of the training experience.

In command and control centers, AR and VR support enhanced visualization of battlefield data. Commanders can interact with 3D models of terrain, friendly forces, and enemy units, manipulating the environment to test strategies or predict enemy movements. This spatial understanding improves coordination and planning, especially in joint or coalition operations where situational clarity is critical. AR interfaces allow for real-time annotation and communication, making collaborative decision-making more efficient.

Maintenance and logistics have also benefited from AR applications, with technicians using AR glasses or tablets to receive step-by-step repair instructions superimposed on the actual equipment. This reduces errors and downtime, especially in field conditions where expert support may be limited. VR training for maintenance crews helps them become proficient with new or complex systems faster, ensuring operational readiness.

Medical applications in Defence have embraced VR for rehabilitation and psychological treatment. Soldiers suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or physical injuries engage in VR therapy that safely exposes them to controlled stimuli, aiding recovery. AR is used to assist battlefield medics with triage and treatment by overlaying vital signs and procedural guidance directly onto patients, improving care under stressful conditions.

The integration of AR with unmanned systems offers remote operators enhanced control and situational awareness. Drone pilots, for example, use AR interfaces to better interpret sensor feeds and navigate complex environments, increasing mission success rates. VR environments allow operators to practice controlling unmanned vehicles and coordinate multi-platform operations, improving proficiency without expending actual resources.

Recent developments in wearable AR devices have focused on reducing size, weight, and power consumption, making these technologies more practical for extended field use. Improvements in display resolution, latency, and environmental robustness enhance usability in diverse conditions, from bright daylight to night operations. Furthermore, secure data transmission and encryption are critical for protecting sensitive information displayed or transmitted via AR/VR systems.

The use of AR and VR in Defence continues to expand into cyber Defence training, simulation of electronic warfare environments, and even strategic-level war-gaming, providing comprehensive, flexible tools that adapt to evolving military needs. By enhancing human performance, reducing costs, and increasing safety, these technologies are becoming indispensable in modern Defence ecosystems.